美国农业部科学家说实话了：转基因、草甘膦不值得信赖！
来源: 原创译文Food Integrity Now 发布时间：2015-04-19 阅读：2890 次
食物主权按：美国农业部微生物学家、密苏里大学土壤微生物学的教授克莱默博士经近20年研究发现，孟山都农达除草剂中的草甘膦成分长期积累会改变土壤、作物以及人体消化系统的微生物环境，对生态环境和人体健康产生极大的危害。另外，克莱默博士还驳斥了“转基因作物可以减少农药使用”的观点，因为现存的基本事实是：自从引入转基因作物以来，农药使用增加了5.27亿磅。
克莱默博士
Dr. Robert Kremer is a Professor of Soil Microbiology at the University of Missouri and is recently retired after a 32-year career as a microbiologist with the U.S.D.A. He spoke with Food Integrity Now about the problems he has studied over the past 18 years with transgenic crops (GMOs) and Glyphosate. Glyphosate the active ingredient in RoundUp is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Eighty percent of all GMO crops are engineered to tolerate Glyphosate.
罗伯特·克莱默博士是美国密苏里大学一名土壤微生物学的教授，在美国农业部担任微生物学家为期32年。最近工作退休后，他接受《食物整体性从今开始）（Food Integrity Now）网站的采访，谈论了他过去18年专注研究的转基因作物与草甘膦的问题。草甘膦是孟山都农达除草剂的活性成分，农达则是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂。百分之八十的转基因作物都是抗草甘膦的。
Dr. Kremer first became concerned with GMOs and Glyphosate in 1997 when he and his colleagues observed that plants became overly infested with soil fungi during the dying process from the effects of Glyphosate.
克莱默博士及他的同事在1997年就开始对转基因作物与草甘膦感到担心，因为他和他的同事开始观察到,由于草甘膦的作用，农作物在枯死过程受到过度的土壤真菌感染。
Knowing that some of the soil fungi were natural biological control agents for some of these pests, including soybean cist nemotode (parasitic roundworm), they looked at these transgenic crops (GMOs) which were receiving Glyphosate and looked at the root system and found an increase in soil fungi.
他们知道某些土壤真菌是大豆异皮线虫（寄生蛔虫）等某些害虫的天然生物防治因子，于是开始观察喷洒了草甘膦除草剂的这些转基因作物，特别观察它们的根系，发现土壤真菌增加。
They noticed that every time that they checked this GMO crop that the roots were loaded up with the fungus, Fusarium. Fusarium is a fungus that can be potentially pathogenic.
他们注意到，每次他们检测这些转基因作物时，都能够发现其根系布满了镰刀菌。镰刀菌是一种潜在致病性真菌。
He said his concern was that here we have this new release of crops that are tolerant to Glyphosate yet their root system are piled up with this fungi.
克莱默博士说，他感到担心，我们让容忍草甘膦除草剂的这种新的农作物投入农业生产，然而它们的根部系统堆积着这种真菌。
He has evaluated several GMO crops over the past 17 years and continues to see increased fungi on their roots.
过去17年期间，克莱默博士对数种转基因作物进行了检测，发现它们的根部真菌持续增加。
Dr. Kremer explained some of the ways that Glyphosate kills a plant.
克莱默博士解释草甘膦杀除植物的数种方式。
This chemical inhibits a particular enzyme which is involved in the synthesis of certain amino acids. It also shuts down the shikimate pathway and shuts down protein synthesis. Therefore, the plant can’t produce defense mechanisms and is susceptible to pathogens and can become very infected with these opportunistic pathogens and ultimately become diseased.
草甘膦抑制参与某些氨基酸合成的一种特定的酶。草甘膦还会切断莽草酸代谢途径并抑制蛋白合成。因此，受到草甘膦喷洒的植物无法产生防御机制、容易遭致病原体影响，因而受这些机会病原体严重感染，最终患病。
Glyphosate is also a very strong chelator and can immobilize nutrients like manganese, iron, zinc. It binds up these nutrients and makes them unavailable to the plant. This is very detrimental to plant growth.
草甘膦还是一种强烈的螯合剂，能够固定像锰、铁、锌这样的营养元素，从而导致植物无法对它们进行吸收。这对于植物生长极为有害。
草甘膦螯合锰、硒、钙、铜、铁、钾、镁、氮、镍、钴、锌，使农作物无法吸收这些营养元素的机制示意图
Since we have evidence of Glyphosate being found in our gut where the bacteria do have shikimate pathways, it makes sense why we are seeing the increase of many allergies and diseases that originate in the gut where 80% of our immune system is in our microbiome.
人类免疫系统中有80%的微生物来自肠道，这些细菌有莽草酸代谢途径。由于我们的肠道中检测到草甘膦，因此不难理解为何许多源于肠道的过敏症与疾病相继增长。
The chelation process of Glyphosate can make some of the good gut bacteria unavailable and as Dr. Kremer explained can shift the balance of the microbial population in our gut.
如克莱默博士的解释，草甘膦的螯合作用能够使我们肠道中某些有益微生物作用失效，草甘膦能够改变我们肠道中微生物菌群的平衡。
Keep in mind, Glyphosate has also been found in our urine, human breast milk, and in our blood.
请注意，我们的尿样、母乳，以及血液中都被检测到草甘膦残留。
The biotech industry claims that Glyphosate degrades in the soil and it cannot affect humans because we do not have a shikimate pathway–however the bacteria in our gut does have this pathway.
生物技术产业声称草甘膦能在土壤中降解，不会影响人类，因为人类没有莽草酸代谢途径 -- 然而，我们肠道中的微生物确实有这种途径。
Monsanto, the maker of RoundUp with its active ingredient Glyphosate, makes a claim that Glyphosate is neutralized or degrades in the soil.
孟山都，农达除草剂及其活性成分草甘膦的制造商，声称草甘膦对土壤的作用是中性的，或会在土壤中降解。
Dr. Kremer shared information on some of the factors that can affect how Glyphosate reacts with the soil. These factors affect persistence, availability and degradation of Glyphosate in soils. He talked about a few of these factors including the soil’s pH and the amount of phosphorus in the soil.
克莱默博士解释了影响草甘膦与土壤结合的几种因素。这些因素影响草甘膦在土壤中残留、吸附与降解。其中的因素包括土壤的pH值与土壤中的磷含量。
In our interview, he only spoke about a few of the ways Glyphosate will react with the soil but there are several other factors which include, soil mineralogy (texture), soil nutrient status, soil surface vegetation residue, type of crop management system in place (cover crops, crop sequence), soil oxygen status, herbicide formulation and components (surfactants), soil organic matter content, and the composition of soil microbial community.
在我们的采访中，他仅仅谈到影响草甘膦与土壤结合的几种因素，不过还有其它因素，包括，土壤矿物质（纹理）、土壤营养物状况、土壤表面植被残留、农作物耕作方式（种植的作物品种、轮种次序）、土壤氧气状况、除草剂配方及其成分（表面活性剂）、土壤有机质成分、以及土壤微生物菌群构成。
Dr. Kremer further shared his thoughts on the big claim of the biotech industry that we need GMOs to feed the world. He also discussed their claim of decreased use of pesticides. There has been a 527 million pound increase in pesticide use since the introduction of transgenic crops.
对于生物技术产业宣称我们需要转基因作物来养活世界人口的说法，克莱默博士还与我们分享了他的意见。他还评论了转基因作物可以减少农药使用的观点。基本事实：引入转基因作物以来，农药使用增加了5.27亿磅。
Recently, the WHO (World Health Organization) stated that Glyphosate “probably” causes cancer. Dr. Kremer discussed the need for more independent testing on Glyphosate and is hopeful that WHO’s recent claims would prompt such further independent testing.
最近，世界卫生组织（WHO）国际癌症研究机构声明草甘膦“或许”致癌。克莱默博士提出对草甘膦进行更多独立试验的必要性，他希望世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构最近的声明有助于促进更多这样的独立试验。
Listen to this very informative interview that connects some of the dots as to how GMOs and Glyphosate effect plants and human health.
建议大家听取对克莱默博士的这个非常有信息参考价值的采访，它有助于帮助我们了解转基因与草甘膦如何影响农作物与人类健康。
Click on the link at the bottom of the page to listen:
这次采访音频连接如下：http://media.blubrry.com/foodintegritynow/p/content.blubrry.com/foodintegritynow/FIN-2015-04-
About Carol Grieve'
作者卡罗尔•格立维简介
Carol Grieve' is the host of Food Integrity Now. She is a health and wellness coach, food educator, speaker, writer, visionary and artist. Email:carol@foodintegritynow.org.
卡罗尔•格立维是《食物整体性现在》的主持人。他是一位健康与健身教练、食物教育家、演讲者、作家、远见卓识者和艺术家。邮箱：carol@foodintegritynow.org.
作者： Carol Grieve' 卡罗尔·格立维
翻译：《人民食物主权》志愿者团队
